The Author’s starting point is the case of Katia (age 29), a dizygotic twin affected by a schizophreniform disorder. Studies conducted on the relationship between genetic alterations and predisposition to schizophrenic spectrum disorders (especially evident in the studies on twins) confirm the psycho-dynamic hypotheses regarding a profound alteration of the Self. In particular, a compromising interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors is brought to light. Due to the impossibility of identifying a principle of structural stability regarding neural networks, the argument moves towards non-linear systems. An example of this may be found in the co-interaction of at least four variables of a dynamic system: empathy, drives, attachment and time. Thus, the relevant field of study is that of complex systems, where conditions of holism and non-locality lead to a comprehensive explanation of the relational meaning – that is, multiple communicative meanings (e.g., the plurality of Katia’s counter-transference fantasies about the “male figure”) which change over time and influence every subsequent individual meaning.